|
Direct3D For Dummiez
(In VB6)
Well, don't take this
title offensive. If you were smart enough to DL this tutorial, your not a dummy!
This simple tutorial will teach you how to use Direct3D and how to make
games in it. If you like this, please vote for me!
Chapter 1: About DirectX
& Direct3D
Ok, well be using Direct3D 7 because
it's near the top of the line, but easier to use than DX8. Once you learn
DX7, you can move up to DX8, which won't be very hard.
DirectX- Collection of Direct3D,
DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectSound, DirectMusic, Direct whatever else
there is...
Direct Draw- Library of drawing functions made generally for
drawing stuff on your screen. (Duh...)
Direct3D- Direct3D is built on DirectDraw, and it provides
many 3D drawing functions and all sorts of good stuff like that.
DirectInput: Allows your games to use the keyboard, mouse,
force-feedback joy sticks, normal joy-sticks, control pads, steering wheels,
and almost everything else.
DirectSound: Plays sound in 2d stereo, 2d mono, or 3D Stereo. Also
provides effects that work with D3D (Like the Doppler effect)
Direct3D Has 2 modes. IM (immediate Mode) which is faster, but every
triangle/polygon has to be hard-coded into the program, and RM
(Retained Mode) The upper end to IM, allows you to load objects directly
from the hard drive. MM (Mixed-Mode) doesn't exist, but Microsoft is considering
to make one which will mix the two modes, to make games more flexible.
FYI, a Direct3D Game code would look roughly something like this:
Declare your variables and DirectX
Objects
Form_Load()
Initiate DirectX (DirectDraw and Direct3D, screen size,
render quality, ext...)
Create Objects (Load your objects from files, set where they
go, ext...)
Run Main game loop (Checks for user input, draws graphics,
ext...)
Computer Possession Code (Your computer becomes possessed and
rampages through your house because it likes
your awesome direct3D game too much.)
End Sub
A More
detailed example of what a D3D Code would look like:
'Declare
all the variables, DirectX Objects, frames, and stuff in this
general declarations area...
Private Sub Form_Load()
DoEvents
'Let the
computer have time to do what it needs to do...
DX_Init
'Initialize
DirectDraw and Direct3D
DX_MakeObjects 'Load
the lights and objects
DX_Render
'Start the
main loop
End Sub
Private Sub DX_Init()
'Initialize
DirectDraw and Direct3D
'Also, set how big the drawing area is, background color,
fog, and all that good stuff.
End Sub
Private Sub DX_MakeObjects()
'Make
the frames (Each object is put in a frame. There is the root
frame, where everything else is placed under
'it in a tree hierarchy.
'Make the 'MainFrame' frame
'Make the 'LightFrame' frame and make it link to 'MainFrame'
'Make the 'Camera' Frame and make it link to 'MainFrame'
'Make the 'FirstObject' frame and make it link to
'MainFrame'
'Note: Call your frames what ever you want.
'Set your Camera Frame and set it as a viewport (which is
where you see the images, like a camera)
'Now, set up the main (Ambient)
light, and maybe a 'point' light (to make it more realistic)
'Load your object from a file and add it to it's frame
('FirstObject' in this case)
End Sub
Private Sub DX_Render()
Do
DoEvents
'Give the computer time to do what it needs to do.
DX_Input
'Call the
DirectInput sub, to check for keys pressed (like left, right, up,
down) and run code for
'them.
'Clear the viewport (screen)
'Update the Direct3D Device
'Render the image on the backbuffer [render the
'MainFrame' tree]
'Swap the back buffer with the front buffer (Images
are drawn on the back buffer before they are put on the
'front buffer (which is the actual screen) to make
the rendering more smooth with the whole image/frame
'appearing at once, instead of pieces appearing at a
time)
Loop
Private Sub DX_Input
'Get
the DirectInput Keyboard thingy
'Run the code and see what keys have been pressed. If for
example, the left arrow key was pressed,
'Make the viewport/camera turn left some.
'If for example, escape [esc] was pressed, end the
program...
End Sub
|
Chapter 2: Setting Up
DirectDraw and Direct3D
This example program
let's you walk around a 3D Building. I Included with this tutorial the
source code (in a vb6 project) for this program, and a little file called
'building.x' this is the mesh file used for this program. the .x extension
means DirectX mesh files.
For DirectX to work
with your program, you need to make some DirectX objects for DirectDraw,
Direct3D, and DirectInput. First, I'll show you what needs to be declared
in the 'General Declarations' Section. OK! It's time to start your first
3D Program! First, open up Visual Basic,
and make a new project. Click the 'project' menu, then click
'References...'. Add the 'DirectX7 For Visual Basic Type Library' .
Now, Go to the 'General Declarations' in your form1. Then, Put this next code
in it. (Please read this, don't just copy and paste it. If you read it,
you will understand what is happening here better ;))
'General
Declarations
'These three components
are the big daddy of what your 3D Program.
Dim
DX_Main As
New DirectX7
' The DirectX core file
(The heart of it all)
Dim
DD_Main As DirectDraw4
' The
DirectDraw Object
Dim
D3D_Main As Direct3DRM3 ' The direct3D
Object
'DirectInput Components
Dim
DI_Main As DirectInput
' The DirectInput
core
Dim
DI_Device As DirectInputDevice
' The
DirectInput device
Dim
DI_State As DIKEYBOARDSTATE
'Array
Holding the state of the keys
'DirectDraw Surfaces- Where the screen is drawn.
Dim
DS_Front As DirectDrawSurface4
' The
frontbuffer (What you see on the screen)
Dim
DS_Back As DirectDrawSurface4
' The
backbuffer, (Where everything is drawn before it's put on the
screen.)
Dim
SD_Front As DDSURFACEDESC2
' The
SurfaceDescription
Dim
DD_Back As DDSCAPS2
' General
Surface Info
'ViewPort and Direct3D Device
Dim D3D_Device
as Direct3DRMDevice3
'The Main
Direct3D Retained Mode Device
Dim D3D_ViewPort
as Direct3DRMViewport2
'The Direct3D
Retained Mode Viewport (Kinda the camera)
'The Frames
Dim FR_Root
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'The Main
Frame (The other frames are put under this one (Like a tree))
Dim FR_Camera
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'Another
frame, just happens to be called 'camera'. We will use this
'as the viewport. Hence, the name camera. Doesn't have to be
'called 'camera'. It could be called 'BillyBob' for all I
care.
Dim FR_Light
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'This frame contains
our, guess what, spotlight!
Dim FR_Building
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'Frame
containing our 1st mesh that will be put in this
"game".
'Meshes (3D objects loaded from a .x file)
Dim MS_Building
as Direct3DRMMeshBuilder3
'Lights
Dim LT_Ambient
as Direct3DRMLight
'Our Main
(Ambient) light that illuminates everything (not just part of
something
'like a spotlight.
Dim LT_Spot
as Direct3DRMLight
'Our Spot
light, makes it look more realistic.
'Camera Positions
Dim
xx
As
Long
Dim
yy
As
Long
Dim
zz
As
Long
Dim esc As
Boolean 'If
Escape is pressed, the DX_Input sub will make it true and the main
loop will end.
'Incase you haven't
caught on, the prefix FR = frame, MS = Mesh, & LT =
light. |
Yay! You
just declared your declarations! Let's Party! Oh, wait, were not done yet.
Now that you declared your DirectDraw, Direct3D, and DirectInput stuff,
let's initialize (or is the word I'm looking for initiate?) it. (Meaning set it all up and that kind of stuff.) Now,
make a sub called DX_Init. Now, Type (Not copy and paste) this next code in. If
you read it word for word, AND type it word for word, you will begin to
understand it much better! (It's proven by scientist peoples that it
helps)
Private
Sub DX_Init()
'Type,
not copy and paste!
'This sub will initialize all your components and set them
up.
set
DD_Main =
DX_Main.DirectDraw4Create("") 'Create
the DirectDraw Object
DD_Main.SetCooperativeLevel Form1.hWnd, DDSCL_FULLSCREEN
Or DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE
'Set Screen
Mode (Full 'Screen)
DD_main.SetDisplayMode 640, 480, 32, 0, DDSDM_DEFAULT 'Set
Resolution and BitDepth (Lets use 32-bit color)
SD_Front.lFlags = DDSD_CAPS
Or DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT
SD_Front.ddsCaps.lCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE Or DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE Or DDSCAPS_COMPLEX
OR _
DDSCAPS_FLIP 'I
used the line-continuation ( _ ) because the whole thing wouldn't
fit on one line...
SD_Front.lBackBufferCount = 1 'Make
one backbuffer
Set
DS_Front = DD_Main.CreateSurface(SD_Front) 'Initialize
the front buffer (the screen)
'The Previous block of code just created the screen and the
backbuffer.
DD_Back.lCaps = DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER
Set
DS_Back = DS_Front.GetAttachedSurface(DD_Back)
DS_Back.SetForeColor RGB(255, 255, 255)
'The
backbuffer was initialized and the DirectDraw text color was set
to white.
Set
D3D_Main = DX_Main.Direct3DRMCreate() 'Creates
the Direct3D Retained Mode Object!!!!!
Set
D3D_Device =
D3D_Main.CreateDeviceFromSurface("IID_IDirect3DHALDevice",
DD_Main, DS_Back, _
D3DRMDEVICE_DEFAULT) 'Tell
the Direct3D Device that we are using hardware rendering
(HALDevice) instead
'of software enumeration (RGBDevice).
D3D_Device.SetBufferCount 2
'Set the number of buffers
D3D_Device.SetQuality D3DRMRENDER_GOURAUD
'Set
Rendering Quality. Can use Flat, or WireFrame, but
'GOURAUD has the best rendering quality.
D3D_Device.SetTextureQuality D3DRMTEXTURE_NEAREST
'Set
the texture quality
D3D_Device.SetRenderMode D3DRMRENDERMODE_BLENDEDTRANSPARENCY
'Set the
render mode.
Set
DI_Main = DX_Main.DirectInputCreate() 'Create
the DirectInput Device
Set
DI_Device = DI_Main.CreateDevice("GUID_SysKeyboard") 'Set
it to use the keyboard.
DI_Device.SetCommonDataFormat DIFORMAT_KEYBOARD
'Set the data
format to the keyboard format.
DI_Device.SetCooperativeLevel Me.hWnd, DISCL_BACKGROUND Or DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE
'Set
Coperative Level.
DI_Device.Acquire
'The
above block of code configures the DirectInput Device and starts
it.
End Sub |
Chapter
3: Let's set up our world!
OK, Now you should have all your general declarations, and a sub called
'DX_Init" with the above code in it. That's a good start, but we need
to create the frames, meshes, and stuff like that, so make a new sub
called 'DX_MakeObjects'. Add this next code to it.
Private
Sub DX_MakeObjects()
Set FR_Root
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(Nothing)
'This will be
the root frame of the 'tree'
Set FR_Camera
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Camera's Sub Frame. It goes under FR_Root in the 'Tree'.
Set FR_Light
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Light's Sub Frame
Set FR_Building
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Building (the 3D Thingy that will be placed in our world's)
' sub frame.
'That above code set up the hierarchy of frames where
FR_Root is the parent, and the other frames are all
'owned by it.
FR_Root.SetSceneBackgroundRGB
0, 0, 1 'Set
the background color. Use decimals, not the standerd 255 = max.
'What I have here will make the background/sky 100% blue.
FR_Camera.SetPosition Nothing,
1, 4, -35 'Set
The Camera position; X=1, Y=4, z=-35.
Set
D3D_Viewport = D3D_Main.CreateViewport(D3D_Device, FR_Camera, 0, 0, 640, 480)
'Make our
viewport and 'set
'it our camera to be it.
D3D_Viewport.SetBack
200 'How far
back it will draw the image. (Kinda like a visibility limit)
FR_Light.SetPosition Nothing, 0, 25, 0
'Set our
'point' light.
Set
LT_Spot = D3D_Main.CreateLightRGB(D3DRMLIGHT_POINT, 1, 1, 1) 'Set
the light type and it's color.
FR_Light.AddLight
LT_Spot 'Add the light to it's frame.
Set
LT_Ambient = D3D_Main.CreateLightRGB(D3DRMLIGHT_AMBIENT, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
'Create our
ambient light.
FR_Root.AddLight
LT_Ambient 'Add
the ambient light to the root frame.
Set
MS_Building = D3D_Main.CreateMeshBuilder() 'Make
the 3D Building Mesh
MS_Building.LoadFromFile
app.path & "\building.x",0 ,0 ,nothing
,nothing 'Load
our building mesh from its .X file.
MS_Building.ScaleMesh
1, 1, 1 'Set
the it's scale. This is used to make the object smaller or bigger.
1 makes
'it the same size as it was built in whatever program it was built
in.
FR_Building.AddVisual
MS_Building 'Add
the 3D Building mesh to it's frame.
End Sub |
Chapter
4: Render your masterpiece
Now, the code that you have sets up your frames, background color, lights,
and your one object. To make these objects appear on the screen, we need
the main loop which draws the images at a rate of 20 to 120 frames per
second (FPS). Make a sub called 'DX_Render'. Put this next code in
it.
Private
Sub DX_Render()
'Lets
put our main loop. Make it loop until esc = true (I'll explain
later)
Do
While esc = False
On local error resume next 'Incase
there is an error
DoEvents
'Give the
computer time to do what it needs to do.
DX_Input
'Call the
input sub.
D3D_Viewport.Clear D3DRMCLEAR_TARGET Or D3DRMCLEAR_ZBUFFER
'Clear your viewport.
D3D_Device.Update
'Update the Direct3D Device.
D3D_Viewport.Render
FR_Root
'Render the 3D Objects (lights, and your building!)
DS_Back.DrawText 200, 0, "My First Direct3D Program!", False
'Draw some
text!
DS_Front.Flip Nothing, DDFLIP_WAIT
'Flip the back buffer with the front buffer.
Loop
End Sub |
*Pant*
*Pant* All *pant* most *pant* there...
Just 3 more subs to go! Now, make a sub called 'DX_Input' then add the
following code:
Private
Sub DX_Input()
DI_Device.GetDeviceStateKeyboard DI_State 'Get
the array of keyboard keys and their current states
If
DI_State.Key(DIK_ESCAPE) <> 0 Then
Call DX_Exit
'If user presses [esc] then exit end the program.
If DI_State.Key(DIK_LEFT)
<> 0 Then
'Quick Note:
<> means 'does not'
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera, -1, 0, 0 'Move
the viewport to the left
end if
If DI_State.Key(DIK_RIGHT)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera, 1, 0, 0 'Move
the viewport to the right
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_UP)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera, 0, 0, 1 'Move
the viewport forward
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_DOWN)
<> 0 then
FR_Camera.SetPosition FR_Camera, 0, 0, -1 'Move
the viewport back
End If
End Sub |
Chapter
5: Finishing Touches
Now, make a sub
called 'DX_Exit' This will run when the user presses escape. It unloads
the DirectX objects and returns the screen resolution and stuff back to
normal, then ends the program.
Private
Sub DX_Exit()
Call
DD_Main.RestoreDisplayMode
Call
DD_Main.SetCooperativeLevel(Me.hWnd, DDSCL_NORMAL)
Call
DI_Device.Unacquire
'Restore
all the devices
End 'Ends
the program.
End Sub |
Ok, What
makes this program start? The next code! Put this in the 'Form_Load' sub
so this all happens when the program starts:
Private
Sub Form_Load()
Me.Show 'Some
computers do weird stuff if you don't show the form.
DoEvents
'Give the
computer time to do what it needs to do
DX_Init
'Initialize
DirectX
DX_MakeObjects
'Make frames,
lights, and mesh(es)
DX_Render
'The Main
Loop
'One More Line of code after this!!!
End Sub |
Congratulations!
If you actually typed this, and not copy and paste this, you have written
your first Direct3D program! Now, Run the program! You should be able to
walk around a building using the arrow keys. To escape, just press
[esc]. Incase you are a slacker, here is the complete code in one
table. Click here for the next chapter-
'General
Declarations
'These three components
are the big daddy of what your 3D Program.
Dim
DX_Main As
New DirectX7
' The DirectX core file
(The heart of it all)
Dim
DD_Main As DirectDraw4
' The
DirectDraw Object
Dim
D3D_Main As Direct3DRM3 ' The direct3D
Object
'DirectInput Components
Dim
DI_Main As DirectInput
' The DirectInput
core
Dim
DI_Device As DirectInputDevice
' The
DirectInput device
Dim
DI_State As DIKEYBOARDSTATE
'Array
Holding the state of the keys
'DirectDraw Surfaces- Where the screen is drawn.
Dim
DS_Front As DirectDrawSurface4
' The
frontbuffer (What you see on the screen)
Dim
DS_Back As DirectDrawSurface4
' The
backbuffer, (Where everything is drawn before it's put on the
screen.)
Dim
SD_Front As DDSURFACEDESC2
' The
SurfaceDescription
Dim
DD_Back As DDSCAPS2
' General
Surface Info
'ViewPort and Direct3D Device
Dim D3D_Device
as Direct3DRMDevice3
'The Main
Direct3D Retained Mode Device
Dim D3D_ViewPort
as Direct3DRMViewport2
'The Direct3D
Retained Mode Viewport (Kinda the camera)
'The Frames
Dim FR_Root
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'The Main
Frame (The other frames are put under this one (Like a tree))
Dim FR_Camera
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'Another
frame, just happens to be called 'camera'. We will use this
'as the viewport. Hence, the name camera. Doesn't have to be
'called 'camera'. It could be called 'BillyBob' for all I
care.
Dim FR_Light
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'This frame contains
our, guess what, spotlight!
Dim FR_Building
as Direct3DRMFrame3
'Frame
containing our 1st mesh that will be put in this
"game".
'Meshes (3D objects loaded from a .x file)
Dim MS_Building
as Direct3DRMMeshBuilder3
'Lights
Dim LT_Ambient
as Direct3DRMLight
'Our Main
(Ambient) light that illuminates everything (not just part of
something
'like a spotlight.
Dim LT_Spot
as Direct3DRMLight
'Our Spot
light, makes it look more realistic.
'Camera Positions
Dim
xx
As
Long
Dim
yy
As
Long
Dim
zz
As
Long
Dim esc As
Boolean 'If
Escape is pressed, the DX_Input sub will make it true and the main
loop will end.
'Incase you haven't
caught on, the prefix FR = frame, MS = Mesh, & LT = light.
'======================================================================================
Private Sub DX_Init()
'Type,
not copy and paste!
'This sub will initialize all your components and set them
up.
set
DD_Main =
DX_Main.DirectDraw4Create("") 'Create
the DirectDraw Object
DD_Main.SetCooperativeLevel Form1.hWnd, DDSCL_FULLSCREEN
Or DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE
'Set Screen
Mode (Full 'Screen)
DD_Main.SetDisplayMode 640, 480, 32, 0, DDSDM_DEFAULT 'Set
Resolution and BitDepth (Lets use 32-bit color)
SD_Front.lFlags = DDSD_CAPS
Or DDSD_BACKBUFFERCOUNT
SD_Front.ddsCaps.lCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE Or DDSCAPS_3DDEVICE Or DDSCAPS_COMPLEX
OR _
DDSCAPS_FLIP 'I
used the line-continuation ( _ ) because the whole thing wouldn't
fit on one line...
SD_Front.lBackBufferCount = 1 'Make
one backbuffer
Set
DS_Front = DD_Main.CreateSurface(SD_Front) 'Initialize
the front buffer (the screen)
'The Previous block of code just created the screen and the
backbuffer.
DD_Back.lCaps = DDSCAPS_BACKBUFFER
Set
DS_Back = DS_Front.GetAttachedSurface(DD_Back)
DS_Back.SetForeColor RGB(255, 255, 255)
'The
backbuffer was initialized and the DirectDraw text color was set
to white.
Set
D3D_Main = DX_Main.Direct3DRMCreate() 'Creates
the Direct3D Retained Mode Object!!!!!
Set
D3D_Device =
D3D_Main.CreateDeviceFromSurface("IID_IDirect3DHALDevice",
DD_Main, DS_Back, _
D3DRMDEVICE_DEFAULT) 'Tell
the Direct3D Device that we are using hardware rendering
(HALDevice) instead
'of software enumeration (RGBDevice).
D3D_Device.SetBufferCount 2
'Set the number of buffers
D3D_Device.SetQuality D3DRMRENDER_GOURAUD
'Set
Rendering Quality. Can use Flat, or WireFrame, but
'GOURAUD has the best rendering quality.
D3D_Device.SetTextureQuality D3DRMTEXTURE_NEAREST
'Set
the texture quality
D3D_Device.SetRenderMode D3DRMRENDERMODE_BLENDEDTRANSPARENCY
'Set the
render mode.
Set
DI_Main = DX_Main.DirectInputCreate() 'Create
the DirectInput Device
Set
DI_Device = DI_Main.CreateDevice("GUID_SysKeyboard") 'Set
it to use the keyboard.
DI_Device.SetCommonDataFormat DIFORMAT_KEYBOARD
'Set the data
format to the keyboard format.
DI_Device.SetCooperativeLevel Me.hWnd, DISCL_BACKGROUND Or DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE
'Set
Coperative Level.
DI_Device.Acquire
'The
above block of code configures the DirectInput Device and starts
it.
End Sub
'=====================================================================================
Private Sub DX_MakeObjects()
Set FR_Root
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(Nothing)
'This will be
the root frame of the 'tree'
Set FR_Camera
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Camera's Sub Frame. It goes under FR_Root in the 'Tree'.
Set FR_Light
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Light's Sub Frame
Set FR_Building
= D3D_Main.CreateFrame(FR_Root) 'Our
Building (the 3D Thingy that will be placed in our world's)
' sub frame.
'That above code set up the hierarchy of frames where
FR_Root is the parent, and the other frames are all
'owned by it.
FR_Root.SetSceneBackgroundRGB
0, 0, 1 'Set
the background color. Use decimals, not the standerd 255 = max.
'What I have here will make the background/sky 100% blue.
FR_Camera.SetPosition Nothing,
1, 4, -35 'Set
The Camera position; X=1, Y=4, z=-35.
Set
D3D_Viewport = D3D_Main.CreateViewport(D3D_Device, FR_Camera, 0, 0, 640, 480)
'Make our
viewport and set
'it our camera to be it.
D3D_Viewport.SetBack
200 'How far
back it will draw the image. (Kinda like a visibility limit)
FR_Light.SetPosition Nothing, 0, 25, 0
'Set our
'point' light.
Set
LT_Spot = D3D_Main.CreateLightRGB(D3DRMLIGHT_POINT, 1, 1, 1) 'Set
the light type and it's color.
FR_Light.AddLight
LT_Spot 'Add the light to it's frame.
Set
LT_Ambient = D3D_Main.CreateLightRGB(D3DRMLIGHT_AMBIENT, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5)
'Create our
ambient light.
FR_Root.AddLight
LT_Ambient 'Add
the ambient light to the root frame.
Set
MS_Building = D3D_Main.CreateMeshBuilder() 'Make
the 3D Building Mesh
MS_Building.LoadFromFile
app.path & "\building.x",0 ,0 ,nothing
,nothing 'Load
our building mesh from its .X file.
MS_Building.ScaleMesh
1, 1, 1 'Set
the it's scale. This is used to make the object smaller or bigger.
1 makes
'it the same size as it was built in whatever program it was built
in.
FR_Building.AddVisual
MS_Building 'Add
the 3D Building mesh to it's frame.
End Sub
'=====================================================================================
Private Sub DX_Render()
'Lets
put our main loop. Make it loop until esc = true (I'll explain
later)
Do
While esc = False
On local error resume next 'Incase
there is an error
DoEvents
'Give the
computer time to do what it needs to do.
DX_Input
'Call the
input sub.
D3D_Viewport.Clear D3DRMCLEAR_TARGET Or D3DRMCLEAR_ZBUFFER
'Clear your viewport.
D3D_Device.Update
'Update the Direct3D Device.
D3D_Viewport.Render
FR_Root
'Render the 3D Objects (lights, and your building!)
DS_Back.DrawText 200, 0, "My First Direct3D Program!", False
'Draw some
text!
DS_Front.Flip Nothing, DDFLIP_WAIT
'Flip the back buffer with the front buffer.
Loop
End Sub
'=====================================================================================
Private Sub DX_Input()
DI_Device.GetDeviceStateKeyboard DI_State 'Get
the array of keyboard keys and their current states
If
DI_State.Key(DIK_ESCAPE) <> 0 Then
Call DX_Exit
'If user presses [esc] then exit end the program.
If DI_State.Key(DIK_LEFT)
<> 0 Then
'Quick Note:
<> means 'does not'
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera,
-1, 0, 0 'Move
the viewport to the left
end if
If DI_State.Key(DIK_RIGHT)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera,
1, 0, 0 'Move
the viewport to the right
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_UP)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera, 0, 0, 1 'Move
the viewport forward
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_DOWN)
<> 0 then
FR_Camera.SetPosition FR_Camera, 0, 0, -1 'Move
the viewport back
End If
End Sub
'=====================================================================================
Private Sub DX_Exit()
Call
DD_Main.RestoreDisplayMode
Call
DD_Main.SetCooperativeLevel(Me.hWnd, DDSCL_NORMAL)
Call
DI_Device.Unacquire
'Restore
all the devices
End 'Ends
the program.
End Sub
'=====================================================================================
Private Sub Form_Load()
Me.Show 'Some
computers do weird stuff if you don't show the form.
DoEvents
'Give the
computer time to do what it needs to do
DX_Init
'Initialize
DirectX
DX_MakeObjects
'Make frames,
lights, and mesh(es)
DX_Render
'The Main
Loop
'One More Line of code after this!!!
End Sub |
Chapter
5: Making it better
You probably noticed that when you move right or left, the camera moves
right or left, but doesn't rotate. To fix this problem, change the
DX_Input sub code to the following:
Private
Sub DX_Input()
Const Sin5 = 8.715574E-02!
' Sin(5°)
Const Cos5 = 0.9961947!
' Cos(5°)
DI_Device.GetDeviceStateKeyboard DI_State 'Get
the array of keyboard keys and their current states
If
DI_State.Key(DIK_ESCAPE) <> 0 Then
Call DX_Exit
'If user presses [esc] then exit end the program.
If DI_State.Key(DIK_LEFT)
<> 0 Then
'Quick Note:
<> means 'does not'
FR_Camera.SetOrientation
FR_Camera, -Sin5, 0, Cos5, 0, 1, 0 'Rotate
viewport/camera left
end if
If DI_State.Key(DIK_RIGHT)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetOrientation
FR_Camera, Sin5, 0, Cos5, 0, 1, 0 'Rotate
viewport/camera right
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_UP)
<> 0 Then
FR_Camera.SetPosition
FR_Camera, 0, 0, 1 'Move
the viewport forward
End If
If DI_State.Key(DIK_DOWN)
<> 0 then
FR_Camera.SetPosition FR_Camera, 0, 0, -1 'Move
the viewport back
End If
End Sub |
You also might want
collision detection (So you can't walk through walls). But I don't know
how to yet, so you won't either! HahahA!
Ok, if you liked this tutorial, PLEASE vote for me at PSC!
|