4.据库连接 通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库,请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中,甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库,并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的,这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用,我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用,因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理,原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。 PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接,分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述,你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。 想获得更多有关在Microsoft Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识,请查阅以下URL:www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。
4.1 连接
<? if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password")) { echo "<B>SUCCESS ! Connected to database<B> "; } else { echo "<B>Failed :-( Could not connect to database<B> "; } Ora_Logoff($conn); phpinfo(); ?> 以上代码使用TNSNAME(在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明)定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上,ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。
4.2 查询
假设与数据库已经连接就绪,下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子: <? /* * 连接数据库并执行查询 */ function printoraerr($in_cur) { // 检查Oracle是否出错 // 如果存在错误则显示 // 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数 if(ora_errorcode($in_cur)) echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)." "; return; } /** 主程序 */ if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))) { echo "Connection to database failed "; exit; } echo "Connected as connection - <b>$conn</b><br> "; echo "Opening cursor ...<br> "; $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor); echo "Opened cursor - <b>$cursor</b><br> "; $qry="select user,sysdate from dual"; echo "Parsing the query <b>$qry</b> ...<br> "; ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor); echo "Query parsed <br> "; echo "Executing cursor ...<br> "; ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor); echo "Executed cursor<br> "; echo "Fetching cursor ...<br> "; while(ora_fetch($cursor)) { $user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor); $sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor); echo " row = <B>$user, $sysdate </B><br> "; } echo "Fetched all records<br> "; echo "Closing cursor ...<br> "; ora_close($cursor); echo "Closed cursor<br> "; echo "Logging off from oracle... <br> "; ora_logoff($conn); echo "Logged off from oracle <br> "; ?> (译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)
4.3 显示结果
以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出: <? function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn) { // 检查Oracle是否出错 // 如果存在错误则显示 // 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数 // If it encountered an error, we exit immediately if(ora_errorcode($in_cur)) { echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."<br>n"; ora_logoff($conn); exit; } return; }
function exequery($w_qry,$conn) { $cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn); ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn); ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn); $numrows=0; $w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor); // 显示头部 echo " <TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="2"> <TR> "; for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++) { $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT"; echo " <TH VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=$align>".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)."</TH> "; } echo "</TR> "; while(ora_fetch($cursor)) { echo "<TR> "; for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++) { $align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT"; if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG") echo "<TD VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=$align><PRE>". ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."</PRE></TD> "; else echo "<TD VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=$align>".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."</TD> "; printoraerr($cursor,$conn); } $numrows++; echo "</TR> "; } if ($numrows==0) echo "<TR><TD COLSPAN="$w_numcols"><B>Query returned no records </B></TD></TR> "; else { echo "<TR> "; echo "<TH COLSPAN="".($w_numcols-1)."" ALIGN=RIGHT>Count</TH> "; echo "<TH ALIGN=RIGHT>$numrows</TH> "; echo "</TR> "; } echo "</TABLE> "; ora_close($cursor); return; }
// 主程序 if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password"))) { echo "Error: Cannot connect to database "; exit; } $qry="SELECT deptno "Dept" ,empno "Emp" ,empnm "Name" ,salary "Salary" FROM employee ORDER BY 1,2"; exequery($qry); ora_logoff($conn); ?> (译者注:以上代码段缺少注释,请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分)
4.4 基于HTTP的Oracle登录
将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。 <? if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) { Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm="$SID""); Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized"); $title="Login Instructions"; echo "<blockquote> You are not authorized to enter the site </blockquote> "; exit; } else { if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW))) { Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm="$SID""); Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized"); $title="Login Instructions"; echo "<blockquote> You are not authorised to enter the site </blockquote> "; exit; } } ?> |