PHP用户指南-cookies部分
在这课教程我们将学习怎样利用 PHP 处理cookies,我将试着使事情尽可能简单地去解释cookies的一些实际应用。
什么是cookies及作用? cookies是由web服务器产生的并且存在客户端的一些信息。它嵌在html信息中,由服务器端指定,在客户端及服务器端间传递信息 。它通常用来:用户网页个性化,计数器,储存被浏览站点的信息等。
cookies和php 在 PHP中用cookies是相当容易的。可以使用setcookie函数设置一个cookie。cookie是 HTTP标头的一部分, 因此设置cookie功能必须在任何内容送到浏览器之前。这种限制与header()函数一样。任何从客户端传来的cookie将自动地转化成一个PHP变量。PHP取得信息头并分析, 提取cookie名并变成变量。因此,如果你设置cookie如setcookie("mycookie","wang");php将自动产生一个名为$mycookie,值为"wang"的变量.
先让我们复习一下setcookie函数语法: setcookie(string CookieName, string CookieValue, int CookieExpireTime, path, domain, int secure); PATH:表示web服务器上的目录,默认为被调用页面所在目录 DOMAIN:cookie可以使用的域名,默认为被调用页面的域名。这个域名必须包含两个".",所以如果你指定你的顶级域名,你必须用".mydomain.com" SECURE:如果设为"1",表示cookie只能被用户的浏览器认为是安全的服务器所记住
应用: 对于一个需要注册的站点,将自动识别用户的身份,并发送给它信息,如果是陌生人,将告诉他请先注册。我们按下面给出的信息创建一个小型数 据库:名字(first name),姓(last name),email地址(email address),计数器(visit counter). 按下面步骤建表:
mysql> create database users; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> use users; Database changed
mysql> create table info (FirstName varchar(20), LastName varchar(40), email varchar(40), count varchar(3)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) 好,现在有了符合要求的表,我们可以建一个php页面对照数据库检查cookies.
########################index.php################################## <? if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie $info = explode("&", $Example); $FirstName=$info[0]; $LastName=$info[1]; $email=$info[2]; $count=$info[3]; $count++;
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); //设一新的cookie
echo" <html> <title>wang example</title> </head> <body> <p>Hello $FirstName $LastName, this is your visit number: $count</p> <p>Your email address is: $email</p> <body> <html>";
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); //update DB $query = "update info set count=$count where FirstName='$FirstName' and LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query) or die ("Problems .... ");
} //End Existing cookie instructions
else { //Begin inctructions for no Cookie echo "<html> <head> <Title>Rafi's Cookie example</title> </head> <body> <a href="reg.php">Click Here for Site Registration</a> </body> </html>"; } //End No Cookie instructions ?>
注意:如果你用的是一个远程mysql服务器或unix服务器,你应用下面语句 mysql_connect ("server","username","password") or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase");
我们想检查是否一个被指定名字的cookie在html头部分传送,记住,php能转换可识别的cookie为相应的变量,所以我们能检查一个名为"Example" 的变量: <? if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie ... } else { ... } 如果这个cookie存在,我们将计数器加一,并打印用户信息,如果这个cookie不存在,我们建议用户先注册 如果cookie存在,我们执行下面步骤: <? if (isset($Example)) { //Begin instructions for existing Cookie $info = explode("&", $Example); //split the string to variables $FirstName=$info[0]; $LastName=$info[1]; $email=$info[2]; $count=$info[3]; $count++;
$CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); //setting a new cookie
echo" <html> <title>wang example</title> </head> <body> <p>Hello $FirstName $LastName, this is your visit number: $count</p> <p>Your email address is: $email</p> <body> <html>";
mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); //update DB $query = "update info set count=$count where FirstName='$FirstName' and LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query) or die ("Problems .... ");
} //End Existing cookie instructions 上面的程序有3个主要部分:首先取得cookie值,用explode函数分成不同的变量,增加计数器,并设一新cookie.接着用html语句输出用户信息。最后,用新的计数器值更新数据库。 如果这个cookie不存,下面的程序将被执行: else { //Begin inctructions for no Cookie echo "<html> <head> <Title>Rafi's Cookie example</title> </head> <body> <a href="reg.php">Click Here for Site Registration</a> </body> </html>"; } //End No Cookie instructions
下面reg.php简单列出到注册页面的链接 #############################reg.php############################# <html> <head><title>Registering the Site</title> </head>
<body bgcolor=#ffffff> <h1>Registering the site</h1>
<form method="post" action="reg1.php"> <table width=90% align=center> <tr><td>User Name:</td><td><input type=text name='FirstName' size=20 maxlength=20></td></tr> <tr><td>Last Name:</td><td><input type=text name='LastName' size=40 maxlength=40></td></tr> <tr><td>email addrress:</td><td><input type=text name='email' size=40 maxlength=40></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td><input type=submit value="Click to Register"></td></tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
在所有的信息被提交后调用另一php文件分析这些信息 ##############################reg1.php#################################### <? if ($FirstName and $LastName and $email) { mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); $query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$r=mysql_fetch_array($result); $count=$r["count"];
if (isset($count)) { $CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); echo "<p>user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing info.</p>"; echo "<p><a href="index.php">Back to Main Page</a>"; } else { $count = '1'; $query = "insert into info values ('$FirstName','$LastName','$email','$count')"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query); $CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); echo "Thank you for registering.<br>"; }
} else { echo "Sorry, some information is missing. Please go back and add all the information"; } ?> 首先检查所有的信息是否按要求填写,如果没有,返回重新输入 <? if ($FirstName and $LastName and $email) { ... } else { echo "Sorry, some information is missing. Please go back and add all the information"; } ?> 如果所有信息填好,将执行下面: mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); $query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query);
$r=mysql_fetch_array($result); $count=$r["count"];
if (isset($count)) { $count++; $CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); echo "<p>user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing info.</p>"; echo "<p><a href="index.php">Back to Main Page</a>"; } else { $count = '1'; //new visitor - set counter to 1. $query = "insert into info values ('$FirstName','$LastName','$email','$count')"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query); $CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); echo "Thank you for registering.<br>"; 这段程序做了几件工作:它检查数据库是否有这样一个用户(如果没有,也就是说,这个cookie已被删除),如果有,它指定旧的信息,并用当前的信息建一新的cookie,如果同一用户没有数据库登录,新建一数据库登录,并建一新的cookie. 首先,我们从数据库中取回用户登录详细资料 mysql_connect() or die ("Problem connecting to DataBase"); $query="select * from info where FirstName='$FirstName' and LastName='$LastName' and email='$email'"; $result = mysql_db_query("users", $query); $r=mysql_fetch_array($result); $count=$r["count"];
现在检查是否有一计数器为这用户,利用isset()函数 if (isset($count)) { ... } else { ... } 计数器增加并新建一cookie $count++; //increase counter $CookieString=$FirstName.'&'.$LastName.'&'.$email.'&'.$count; SetCookie ("Example",$CookieString, time()+3600); echo "<p>user $FirstName $LastName already exists. Using the existing info.</p>"; echo "<p><a href="index.php">Back to Main Page</a>"; 如果没有一用户计数器,在mysql中加一记录,并设一cookie 注意:在任何时候,setcookie放在输送任何资料到浏览器之前,否则得到错误信息
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